Management Control System Fairness Reduce †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Management Control System Fairness Reduce. Answer: Presentation: In the report, a circumstance of an association has been portrayed. A discussion between the program chief and undertaking director has been appeared in the video. According to the CEOs request, the program chief is constrained to dispatch the item ahead of schedule through the improvement procedure yet the task administrator doesn't recognize the recommendation of the e program executive. The task administrator attempts to prevail upon the program executive that starting the venture ahead of schedule without appropriate safety efforts can have irreversible ramifications. Programmers could sabotage the whole task by propelling a full scale assault bargaining client individual data. Be that as it may, the task chief endures that if the undertaking is done before, the venture director can appreciate more reward for himself and for the group. Additionally, he says that the encryption system can be applied through an update three weeks after. The venture supervisor will not yield to the offer and doesn't acknowledge the offer. The venture chief at that point calls up the CEO to express that the undertaking director is declining to help out their offer. The CEO and the undertaking chief at that point goes to a joint choice that the venture supervisor ought to be evacuated and another one ought to be acquired who is progressively compliable and simple to oversee. The last results of the whole situation is that the venture administrator was changed by the CEO which postponed the undertaking culmination life cycle. A few moral issues in the task advancement has been featured in the YouTube video. A task ought to be finished without mediation if an association starts an undertaking. Appropriate time, method and quality ought to be kept up for the venture. The association must fulfill the customer with the cost, execution and evaluated time for the task (Shah, Harrold Sinha, 2014). The security issues in the fruition of the undertaking must be clarified by the task executive to the customer. The venture administrator ought to disclose to the task chief that the group will be not able to finish the undertaking in the given time (Langevin Mendoza, 2013). As the CEO has guaranteed the customer that the undertaking will be finished before a month, the moral issue emerges from this issue. The task group ought to have been led by the CEO if the venture could have been finished before. The task chief needs to comprehend the current state of the venture. Because of the early dispatch of the item the moral issue rises. The CEO more likely than not believed that the early accommodation of the undertaking would have been helpful for the organization as it would have produced more incomes. The undertaking chief ought to have advised the group to deal with the task somewhat quicker with additional time. To play out the undertaking with dependable quality and impeccable way, the colleagues ought to have been given abundant time and simplicity of brain to finish the task. The main individuals who are answerable for the venture issue is the program executive and CEO. The CEO ought to have not acknowledged the customers proposition and ought not have acknowledged any reasons from them. The customer was admissible to express their plans to the without culminating the item appropriately. It is the obligation of the association to check whether the individuals are working morally. In the given video, the element which performed dishonestly was simply the association (MARRCH, August 2015). The association ought to have known whether they can deal with conveying an ideal item early. The customers, colleagues of the venture and the task director are the all influenced by the issues. Because of the weight from the CEO and the program chief, first, the task supervisor will be influenced. As the undertaking director needs to allot every single errand to his colleagues and alter their procedures, he will have face the most trouble in this specific circumstance. The colleagues will be the following element to get influenced by the circumstance as they need to structure the venture assigned the task supervisor. The workers wellbeing is a significant worry because of exhaust which is the obligation of the association to take care of (Payne, Jones Harris, 2013). The customer can likewise get influenced as the undertaking director carefully said that he wont consent to the CEOs claims (Yeslam Al-Saggaf, October 2016). The best activity of the YouTube video is that the venture supervisor overlooks the expressions of the chief and proceed with his work on the task. As the CEO and the program executive cautions to change the undertaking chief and dole out another one, the procedure will be tedious as he needed to gain proficiency with the details of the task from the beginning. The CEO should converse with the customer and seek after them that the task can't be conveyed by their calendar. This will be useful for the organization as on the off chance that a digital assault happens on the item, the name of the association will endure alongside the customer. The other activity that can follow is the absolute acquiescence of the whole group with the goal that the CEO gets his item postponed unavoidably. The group can not conform to the exploitative conduct of the association. A gathering should be possible by the CEO with the colleagues to investigate the issue appropriately (Miao et al. 2013). The best activity of the venture must be taken by the CEO himself. Chatting with the customer in a seeing manner and educating them regarding the potential dangers related should be possible by just the CEO himself. According to the results appeared in the video, the best alternative was to expel the task chief from the group and designate another one who won't have as much information about the undertaking as he has so the association will endure. The partner influenced in this circumstance is the undertaking director yet the genuine partner influenced is the association whose item conveyance date will be deferred. The quality, time and cost of the task ensnares the best alternative. Using the best alternative will bring about the undertaking supervisor doing the venture consummately without hampering the task quality (Frederickson Ghere, 2013). In the event that he conveys the undertaking early, the nature of the venture won't be according to the guidelines and can have genuine ramifications because of absence of appropriate safety efforts. Because of less time, the venture cost will rise (Jackson, Kumbhakern Leech, 2013). The undertaking administrator picked the best alternative as the assessed cost, time and quality will never shift. End To finish up the report, it very well may be expressed that the association ought to forestall these kinds of issues during the hour of consenting to contract in the arrangement paper with the customer. During the inception of the task, the customer should state in the event that they need the item early. The CEO just as the program chief ought to solidly conform to the cutoff time date of per the understanding. On the off chance that the undertaking is needed before by the customer, the nature of the task will endure and not satisfy the necessary guidelines. References Frederickson, H. G., Ghere, R. K. (2013).Ethics in open administration. ME Sharpe. Jackson, T. A., Kumbhakern, V., Leech, M. L. (2013).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/402,589. Langevin, P., Mendoza, C. (2013). By what means would management be able to control framework decency lessen administrators unscrupulous behaviours?.European Management Journal,31(3), 209-222. MARRCH. (August 2015). Hierarchical ETHICS AND PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY. https://www.marrch.org/?page=ethics_archive_0815 . Miao, Q., Newman, A., Yu, J., Xu, L. (2013). The connection between moral initiative and unscrupulous star hierarchical conduct: Linear or curvilinear effects?.Journal of Business Ethics,116(3), 641-653. Payne, N., Jones, F., Harris, P. R. (2013). Representatives view of the effect of work on wellbeing behaviours.Journal of wellbeing psychology,18(7), 887-899. Shah, H., Harrold, M. J., Sinha, S. (2014). Worldwide programming testing under cutoff time tension: Vendor-side experiences.Information and Software Technology,56(1), 6-19. Yeslam Al-Saggaf. (October 2016). Situation 3: Early Launch. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5M7ohdZ6qA .

Letter to editor Free Essays

In the wake of perusing the article composed by Christopher Stevens about instructing Yorkshire I believed I ought to react in light of the fact that, in spite of the fact that Mr. Stevens obviously reflected upon the genuine circumstances of the school, he despite everything figured out how to cause to notice the negatives and structure Ignorant ends while Including his Inconsiderate perspectives. He kicks back and crestless when It can be said that he more likely than not gone to class what 20 years prior and that circumstances are different, instructors must comprehend what they’re doing else they wouldn’t have been given the activity with such massive obligation. We will compose a custom paper test on Letter to proofreader or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now While he keeps on pointing fingers he disregards how fantastic Mr. Burton and Mustards contacting Journey has been just as other inspiring minutes in the show. Rush Community Academy has a few distinct sorts of characters that join in however in your article you have generalized all youngsters. You take a portion of the scenes from the show and make a huge deal about them and afterward utilize that to make suppositions pretty much all youngsters. Don’t you go out in the city and see ‘Ignorant’ and ‘swaggered’ out children? As opposed to summing you up should give close consideration to the way that schools are assorted, that the understudies and have their own little world, some would even consider It their own special air pocket. The principal thing I’m going to discuss will be base. I think to accomplish the ideal base you should experience some significant strides preceding applying any cosmetics to guarantee you get an impeccable completion. Ensuring your skin is spotless, peeled and lotion is vital, this will permit the establishment to really soak in into the skin and make it resemble your genuine skin. In any case, there’s a stage before that, and that’s applying groundwork, it’ll give oil free hydration, limit the presence of pores and ensure your cosmetics keeps going throughout the day. While applying establishment, the most Important thing to recall s that toning it down would be ideal, this’ll even out your skin tone and let your regular skin appear on the other side, this’ll leave you looking iridescent and Like your skin has a solid gleam. The following stage Is hidden, the object Is as of now In the name and that’s to disguise, It’ll make dark circles and flaws practically vanish, just as featuring under the eyes and making you look increasingly brilliant and conscious. Next proceed to apply powder, this will leave you sparkle free and ensure your cosmetics doesn’t slip and slide for the duration of the day. Foreheads I think temples are so significant, they outline your face and include structure , there’s arioso approaches to fill in your foreheads, pencils, wax, powder and gel, my undisputed top choice is the had’ temples pack, had represents superior quality , you get four powders in the unit, the hues go from light medium and dull, you ought to float towards purchasing the unit as indicated by the shade of your hair, you get four powders, they are pigmented and rich, this permits the shadow to coast through your eyebrows Eyes I thoroughly consider of all cosmetics, eye cosmetics must be my generally top pick, one since Its such an innovative part and you can get extremely imaginative In looks you can make. Negative connected to the positives. The most effective method to refer to Letter to editorial manager, Papers

Do I Need a Printer

Do I Need a Printer One of the most common questions I get from incoming students at the University of Illinois is whether or not they need to purchase and bring a printer to their residence hall room. It is a certainly a question worth asking because some of us have grown up with access to a printer at home. However, it is my opinion that you do not need to buy a printer at any point during your Illinois career. Source: Giphy.com I am now a senior here at Illinois, and I live in an on-campus apartment. I have never owned my own printer during my time away at school. Personally, I view it as an unnecessary purchase because there are plenty of printing resources on campus. Printers are heavy and take up lots of room in a residence hall room. Because youll be sharing space with another student your first year, youre going to want to make space in whatever way possible. I lived very comfortably in Weston Hall without having a printer in my residence hall room. Youre probably wondering where on campus I took advantage of the printing resources. Each residence hall has a printer that is available for use for its residents, whether its in the lobby of the residence hall or in the common areas, like Ikenberry Commons. Residence halls  have computers connected to the printers. If thats not enough for you, every library on the campus with the largest library system in the entire country will have printers and computers for you to use. You wont have to supply your own paper and ink, which is an expensive thing to maintain if you were to bring your own printer to campus. Although printing from campus printers isnt free, I have found that it is much cheaper than buying your own printer. The printers that are available for student use have made my academic career much easier. I have Illinois to thank for helping me be a better student through easy access to printing! Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me Quiz

How to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis - 1218 Words

How to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis The foreclosure crisis in our country has implemented a domino effect that may take years before we note any positive changes. As the country begins to heal, an effective process and/or program must be implemented that will reduce or eliminate foreclosures. It is important to remember that purchasing and maintaining a home is a part of the â€Å"American Dream,† and when working class families cannot seem to manage without loss of pride and dignity, then the dream begins to fade. The hopelessness and lack of self worth takes a giant step forward and brings with it anger and frustration which only damages families. In researching for an innovative idea or solution to solve the foreclosure crisis, I†¦show more content†¦At anytime during the process it is determined by the housing counselor that the homeowner does not meet qualifications for the program, the homeowner must be granted an interview within 30 days by the housing authority outlining in detail exactly what the problem was. Within 30 days after the interview the homeowner may submit another application to the housing department for processing. The homeowner must sign a new mortgage agreement that will outline all the parameters relating to maintaining the mortgage with the department of HUD. The term of the initial contract is 24 months. At anytime during the contract period, if the owner’s financial status changes, HUD must be notified immediately. Every 24 months, HUD will re-assess the homeowner’s financial status and determine if the contract is to be renewed or dismissed from the program. If the contract is reinstated it is imperative to note that this can only be done three times, which equates to a total of 72 months. If however, it is determined that the homeowner can be removed from the program, HUD will provide a lender that will ensure that your mortgage rate and payments are affordable based on Federal Housing Administration program. Once exited from the program, if the homeowner experiences additional financial crisis, they may be allowed to re-enter the program up to a maximum of three times as long as they have not been in the program more than 72Show MoreRelatedHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis1146 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis An important step in solving the foreclosure crisis is to provide assistance to mortgagees in making the monthly loan payments; this assistance should be in place before the first loan payment is due. One solution in providing assistance, which would not require any additional governmental funds to be spent, would be a mandatory mortgage equity accelerator program for every new loan written. A mortgage equity enhancement program allows a thirty year mortgageRead MoreHow To Solve The Foreclosure Crisis1443 Words   |  6 PagesHOW TO SOLVE THE FORECL0SURE CRISIS 2009 was a record breaking year for foreclosures in the United States. The perfect storm of high unemployment, tightening credit, decreasing real estate values and cataclysmic stock market crash resulted in millions of homeowners defaulting on their mortgages. What are the solutions to this problem? Some would argue that the government should intervene and help homeowners. Those with a more â€Å"free market† or laissez faire approach would contend that the governmentRead MoreHOW TO SOLVE THE FORECLOSURE CRISIS1793 Words   |  8 PagesHOW TO SOLVE THE FORECLOSURE CRISIS What do we think when we hear the word â€Å"foreclosure†? Most people realize that it’s definitely something that is not good, some say that it’s when someone fails to do something, but those people don’t really know the meaning of it. But before I present my idea let’s review the meaning of such process: From the website of InvestorWords.com foreclosure Definition The legal process by which an owners right to a property is terminated, usually dueRead MoreHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis2207 Words   |  9 PagesThe foreclosure crisis has become as confounding as the old, neglected house on the corner of your street. With shattered windows and wild lawn, no one knows what to do with it, how to save it or even get rid of it. Public and private institutions have tried this and that to patch the ongoing economic blight: lowered interest rates, credit counseling, foreclosure workshops, short sales and bailouts. Nevertheless, the number of foreclosures has relentlessly continued its climb. This ascent hasRead MoreHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis977 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic crisis that has occurred in the recent years and that has consistently worsened over past year or so has led to many other problems, one of which is the foreclosure crisis. More and more people are losing their homes due to job loss or simply poor financial choices. The number of unemployed and homeless is increasing at an alarming rate. Many feel like there is nothing that can be done to remedy the situation, especially when the enormous debt that the United States has already accumulatedRead MoreHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Imagine a young couple was married and bought a house together. They were happy they made an investment together that they would never regret. A few years later, the company the husband worked for suffered critically by the recession and he was one of the hundreds of people who got their job cut. They now have two babies to feed and have to choose between food and the mortgage. They soon began to miss their monthly payments. They waited until things becameRead MoreHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Essay2252 Words   |  10 Pagesdollars funded by investments and home purchases were lost within a few months (Wikipedia.org: United States housing bubble). Millions of home owners were found to be unable to pay their mortgages, leading to hundreds of thousands of foreclosures. These foreclosures not only led to the decrease in value of the foreclosed homes, but also decreased the value of the homes in the neighborhoods, complexes and cul-de-sacs around them (zillow.com). The billion d ollar industry created by the fruitful housingRead MoreHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"How to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis?† â€Å"How to solve the foreclosure crisis?† This is a very troubling question currently facing our country today. The foreclosure crisis fueled by subprime mortgages, was a ticking time bomb waiting to explode. Many Americans hold large mortgages with adjustable rates that continue to increase. It was only a matter of time before the market would come tumbling down. From 2008 until now the national unemployment rate has risen from 5-6% to about 10.2% (U.S. BureauRead MoreHow to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe solution to the Foreclosure Crisis is the implementation of continual, mandatory education classes that must be attended and passed, or penalties will be applied to the homeowners. A little tough love from the lender and the government is necessary. Just as our parents follow through and continue to teach us throughout our lives, so must the lenders and the government take the time to â€Å"sit† every homeowner down to make them l earn and realize that being a homeowner comes with big responsibilitiesRead MoreHow to Solve The Foreclosure Crisis Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pageshaving to deal with a major foreclosure crisis. According to studies by the Mortgage Bankers Association, one out of every 200 homes will eventually be foreclosed, and 250,000 families enter into foreclosure every three months. Although the worst times are still in our future, with help from the United States government, we as citizens will eventually overcome the horrendous situation of America’s current real estate market. To combat our nation’s foreclosure crisis, I believe it is necessary to

The Return Midnight Chapter 25 Free Essays

â€Å"Sleeping in the storage room with every wal covered in Post-it Note amulets,†added Meredith grimly. â€Å"If we have enough. I got another packet, but it doesn’t go very far when you’re trying to cover a room. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Okay,†Elena said. â€Å"Who’s got Shinichi’s key?† Matt raised his hand. â€Å"In my – â€Å" â€Å"Don’t tel me!†exclaimed Elena. â€Å"I’ve got hers. We can’t lose them. Stefan and I are one team; you guys are the other.† They half-led and half-supported Misao out of Stefan’s room and down the stairs. Misao didn’t try to run away from them, to struggle, or to speak to them. This only made Matt more suspicious of her. He saw Stefan and Elena glance toward each other and knew they were feeling the same way. But what else was there to do with her? There was no other way, humanely, or even inhumanely, to restrain her for days. They had her star bal , and according to books that was supposed to al ow them to control her, but she was right, it seemed to be an obsolete notion, because it didn’t work. They’d tried with Stefan and Meredith holding her tightly, while Matt got the star bal from where he’d been keeping it in a shoebox on the upper shelf above the clothes in his closet. He and Elena had tried to get Misao to do things while holding the almost empty sphere: to make Misao tel where her brother’s star bal was, and so on. But it simply didn’t work. â€Å"Maybe when there’s so little Power in it, it doesn’t apply,†Elena said final y. But that was smal comfort at best. As they took Misao to the kitchen, Matt thought that it had been a stupid plan of the kitsune: imitating Stefan twice. Doing it the second time, when the humans were on guard, that was stupid. Misao didn’t seem as stupid as that. Matt had a bad feeling. Elena had a very bad feeling about what they were doing. As she looked around at the faces of the others, she saw that they did too. But nobody had come up with a better plan. They couldn’t kil Misao. They weren’t murderers who could kil a sickly, passive girl in cold blood. She figured that Shinichi must have very keen hearing, and had already heard them walking on the creaking kitchen floorboards. And she had to assume that he knew – by mindbond, or just logic, or whatever – that Misao was right above him. There was nothing to lose by shouting, through the closed door, â€Å"Shinichi, we’ve got your sister here! If you want her back you’l stay quiet and not make us throw her down the stairs.† There was silence from the root cel ar. Elena chose to think of it as submissive silence. At least Shinichi wasn’t yel ing threats. â€Å"Okay,†Elena whispered. She’d taken a position directly behind Misao. â€Å"When I count to three, we push as hard as we can.† â€Å"Wait!†Matt said in a miserable whisper-shout. â€Å"You said we wouldn’t throw her down the stairs.† â€Å"Life isn’t fair,†Elena said grimly. â€Å"You think he doesn’t have some surprise for us?† â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"Leave it, Matt,†said Meredith quietly. She had the stave ready in her left hand and with her right was ready to push on the panel for opening the door. â€Å"Everybody ready?† Everyone nodded. Elena felt sorry for Matt and Stefan, who were the most honest and sensitive of al of them. â€Å"One,†she whispered softly, â€Å"two, three.† On three Meredith hit the concealed wal switch. And then things began to happen in very slow motion. By â€Å"two†Elena had already begun to shove Misao toward the door. On â€Å"three†the others joined her. But the door seemed to take forever to open. And before the ending of forever, everything went wrong. The greenery around Misao’s head spread twigs in al directions. One strand shot out and snagged Elena around the wrist. She heard a yel of outrage from Matt and knew that another strand had gotten him. â€Å"Push!† Meredith shouted and then Elena saw the stave coming at her. Meredith whisked with the stave through the greenery connected to Misao. The vine that had been cutting into Elena’s wrist fel to the floor. Any remaining misgivings about throwing Misao down the stairs vanished. Elena joined in the crowd trying to push her through the opening. But there was something wrong in the basement. For one thing, they were shoving Misao into pitch-darkness†¦and movement. The basement was ful of – something. Some things. Elena looked down at her ankle and was horrified to see a gigantic maggot that seemed to have crawled out of the root cel ar. Or at least a maggot was the first thing she could think of to compare it to – maybe it was a headless slug. It was translucent and black and about a foot long, but far too fat for her to have put a hand around it. It seemed to have two ways of moving, one by the familiar hunch-and-straighten method and the other by simply sticking to other maggots, which were exploding up over Elena’s head like a hideous fountain. Elena looked up and wished she hadn’t. There was a cobra waving over them, out of the root cel ar and into the kitchen. It was a cobra made of black translucent maggots stuck together, and every so often one would fal off and land among the group and there would be a cry. If Bonnie had been with them, she would have screamed until the wineglasses in the cupboards shattered, Elena thought wildly. Meredith was trying to attack the cobra with the stave and reach into her jeans pocket for Post-it Notes at the same time. â€Å"I’l get the notes,†Elena gasped, and wriggled her hand into Meredith’s pocket. Her fingers closed on a smal sheaf of cards and she tugged it out triumphantly. Just then the first glistening fat maggot fel on her bare skin. She wanted to scream with pain as its little feet or teeth or suckers – whatever kept it attached to her – burned and stung. She pul ed a thin card from the sheaf, which was not a Post-it Note but the same amulet on a smal rather flimsy note card, and slapped it on the maggot-like thing. Nothing happened. Meredith was thrusting the stave into the middle of the cobra now. Elena saw another of the creatures fal almost onto her upturned face and managed to turn away so that it hit her col ar instead. She tried another card from the sheaf and when it just floated away – the maggots looked gooey but weren’t – she gave a primal scream and ripped with both hands at the ugly things attached to her. They gave way, leaving her skin covered with red marks and her T-shirt torn at the shoulder. â€Å"The amulets aren’t working,†she yel ed to Meredith. Meredith was actual y standing under the swaying, hooded head of the maggot-cobra, stabbing and stabbing as if to reach the center. Her voice was muffled. â€Å"Not enough amulets anyway! Too many of these grubs. You’d better run.† An instant later Stefan shouted, â€Å"Everybody get away from here! There’s something solid in there!† â€Å"That’s what I’m trying to get!†Meredith shouted back. Frantical y, Matt yel ed, â€Å"Where’s Misao?† The last time Elena had seen her she had been diving into the writhing mass of segmented darkness. â€Å"Gone,†she shouted back. â€Å"Where’s Mrs. Flowers?† â€Å"In the kitchen,†said a voice behind her. Elena glanced back and saw the old woman pul ing down herbs with both hands. â€Å"Okay,†Stefan shouted. â€Å"Everybody, take a few steps back. I’m going to hit it with Power. Do it – now!† His voice was like a whiplash. Everyone stepped back, even Meredith who had been probing the snake with her stave. Stefan curled his hand around nothingness, around air, and it turned to sparkling, swirling bright energy. He threw it point-blank into the cobra made of maggots. There was an explosion, and then suddenly it was raining maggots. Elena had her teeth locked so as to keep herself from screaming. The oval translucent bodies of the maggots broke open on the kitchen floor like overripe plums, or else bounced. When Elena dared look up again she saw a black stain on the ceiling. Beneath it, smiling, was Shinichi. Meredith, lightning quick, tried to put the stave through him. But Shinichi was faster, leaning out of her way, and out of the next thrust, and the next. â€Å"You humans,†he said. â€Å"Al the same. Al stupid. When Midnight final y comes you’l see how stupid you were.†He said â€Å"Midnight†as if he were saying â€Å"the Apocalypse.† â€Å"We were smart enough to discover that you weren’t Stefan,†Matt said from behind Shinichi. Shinichi rol ed his eyes. â€Å"And to put me into a little room roofed with wood. You can’t even remember that kitsune control al plants and trees? The wal s are al ful of malach grubs by now, you know. Thoroughly infested.†His eyes flickered – and he glanced backward, Elena saw, looking toward the open door of the root cel ar. Her terror soared, and at the same time Stefan shouted, â€Å"Get out of here! Out of the house! Go to somewhere safe!† Elena and Meredith stared at each other, paralyzed. They were on different teams, but they couldn’t seem to let go of each other. Then Meredith snapped out of it and turned to the back of the kitchen to help Mrs. Flowers. Matt was already there, doing the same thing. And then Elena found herself swept off her feet and moving fast. Stefan had her and was running toward the front door. Distantly, she heard Shinichi shout, â€Å"Bring me back their bones!† One of the maggots that Elena batted out of the way burst its skin and Elena saw something crawling out. These real y were malach, she realized. Smal er editions of the one that had swal owed Matt’s arm and left those long, deep scratches when he pul ed it out again. She noticed that one was stuck on Stefan’s back. Reckless with fury, she grabbed it near one end and ripped it off, yanking relentlessly even though Stefan gasped in pain. When it came free she got a glimpse of what looked like dozens of smal children’s teeth on the bottom side. She threw it against a wal as they reached the front door. There they almost col ided with Matt, Meredith, and Mrs. Flowers, coming through the den. Stefan wrenched the door open and when they al were through Meredith slammed it shut. A few malach – grubs and Still-wet flying ones – made it out with them. â€Å"Where’s safe?†snapped Meredith. â€Å"I mean, real y safe, safe for a couple of days?†Neither she nor Matt had released their grip on Mrs. Flowers and from their speed Elena guessed that she must be almost as light as a straw figure. She kept saying, â€Å"My goodness! Oh, gracious!† â€Å"My house?†Matt suggested. â€Å"The block’s bad, but it was okay the last time I saw it, and my mom’s gone with Dr. Alpert.† â€Å"Okay, Matt’s house – using the Master Keys. But let’s do it from the storage room. I do not want to open this front door again, no matter what,†Elena said. When Stefan tried to pick her up she shook her head. â€Å"I’m fine. Run as fast as you can and smash any malach you see.† They made it to the storage room, but now a sound like vipvipvip – a sort of high-pitched buzzing that could only have been produced by the malach – was fol owing them. â€Å"What now?†Matt panted, helping Mrs. Flowers to sit on the bed. Stefan hesitated. â€Å"Is your house real y safe, do you think?† â€Å"Is anywhere safe? But it’s empty, or it should be.† Meanwhile, Meredith drew Elena and Mrs. Flowers aside. To Elena’s horror, Meredith was holding one of the smal er grubs, gripping it so that its underside was turned upward. â€Å"Oh, God – â€Å"Elena protested, but Meredith said, â€Å"They look a lot like a little kid’s teeth, don’t they?† Suddenly Mrs. Flowers became animated. â€Å"They do indeed! And you’re saying that the femur we found in the thicket – â€Å" â€Å"Yes. It was certainly human but maybe not chewed by humans. Human children,†Meredith said. â€Å"And Shinichi yel ed to the malach to bring back our bones†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Elena said and swal owed. Then she looked at the grub again. â€Å"Meredith, get rid of that thing somehow! It’s going to pop out as a flying malach.† Meredith looked around the storage room blankly. â€Å"Okay – just drop it and I’l step on it,†Elena said, holding her breath to hold in her nausea. Meredith dropped the fat, translucent, black thing, which exploded on impact. Elena stamped on it, but the malach inside didn’t crush. Instead, when she lifted her foot, it tried to skitter under the bed. The stave cut it cleanly in two. â€Å"Guys,†Elena said sharply to Matt and Stefan, â€Å"we have to go now. Outside are a bunch of flying malach!† Matt turned toward her. â€Å"Like the one that – â€Å" â€Å"Smal er, but just like the one that attacked you, I think.† â€Å"Okay, here’s what we figured out,†Stefan said in a way that immediately made Elena uneasy. â€Å"Somebody has to go to the Dark Dimension anyway to check on Bonnie. I guess I’m the only one to do that, since I’m a vampire. You couldn’t get in – â€Å" â€Å"Yes, we could,†Meredith said. â€Å"With these keys, we could just say ‘Take us to Lady Ulma’s house in the Dark Dimension.’Or ‘Take me to wherever Bonnie is.’Why shouldn’t it work?† Elena said, â€Å"Okay. Meredith, Matt, and Mrs. Flowers can stay here and try to figure out what ‘Midnight’is. From the way Shinichi said it, it sounded bad. Meanwhile, Stefan and I go to the Dark Dimension and find Bonnie.† â€Å"No!†Stefan said. â€Å"I won’t take you to that horrible place again.† Elena looked him straight in the eye. â€Å"You promised,†she said, indifferent to the other people in the room. â€Å"You promised. Never to go again on a quest without me. No matter how short the time, no matter what the cause. You promised.† Stefan looked at her desperately. Elena knew he wanted to keep her safe – but which world was truly safe now? Both were fil ed with horror and danger. â€Å"Anyway,†she said with a grim smile, â€Å"I have the key.† How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 25, Essay examples

Risk and Insurance

Question: Discuss about theRisk and Insurance. Answer: Introduction There are several factors that increase the importance of insurance in the modern world. With the of growth of most of the economies in the world characterized by increased numbers of both governmental and privately owned companies, protection of these investments through insurance policies has become an increasingly important factor. Statistics have shown that the stage of diagnosis is related to the presence and the type of insurance. Increased importance of insurance can be attributed to the rapid economic development in the modern world. Factors that Have Increased the Importance of Insurance in the Modern World Based on Speculative Risks The increased expense of healthcare services has made it a necessity to have an insurance policy (Hadley, 2016).A medical insurance manages risk in health. For one to be issued with a medical insurance policy, he/she has to undergo a medical examination to test issues such as high blood pressure or other health concerns that pose a threat to the future (McMaken, 2012). Whereas people found to be in good health status at that time will typically see a lower rate, those suffering from illnesses such as and cancer will be charged higher. Statistics have shown that the stage of diagnosis is related to the presence and the type of insurance (Francois, 2013). Cancer patients without health insurance are less likely to receive cancer screening and other preventive services and may have delayed symptomatic cancers because of inadequate access to health care (Michaels, 2016). Therefore critical illnesses such as cancer have made people use medical care value insurance. Technological advancement has heightened the importance of insurance in the contemporary world. In the modern world, technology is no longer nice to have but a differentiator (Vyas, 2015). The insurers have adopted multiple channels to market and sell their policies. For example, a direct-market which entails going directly to the customer as opposed to going to a broker first (Francois, 2013). Similarly, the advancement of software and hardware means that companies can now transform customer information into actionable insights (Andelic, 2011). In the same way, technology has enabled better individual risk assessment as opposed to relying on responses to standard questions (Green, 2011). This improvement has the capability of improving the customer experience and bringing down insurance rates. Globalization has increased the need for insurance in the modern world. Increased interaction of international economies has led to profit and loss to others (Hadley, 2016). In the modern world, globalization is usually the result of closer ties in international trade (Andelic, 2011). One implication of globalization is that it has expanded markets and as result companies can now sell their insurance premiums across international borders. The expanded market has created a climate of competition among insurance companies. Consequently, premium rates have been lowered because, thanks to globalization, there is no monopoly of the market and it takes a shorter time to enroll in an insurance policy (Andelic, 2011). Increased importance of insurance can be attributed to the rapid economic development of countries in the modern world. Each day, month or a year comes with a new economic development. Economic growth promotes insurance development (Francois, 2013).For example, when a company purchases a tower in a town center, then it should be insured to avoid financial loss in case of fire outbreak. An increase in the culture of saving has increased the need to get insurance (Hadley, 2016). We save for different reasons; retirement, wedding, children or a project (Purmort, 2012). When we are in possession of a valuable item, we need to take care of it so that even during the most difficult of times, we can enjoy its fruits. There has been a financial growth of individuals/company such that, now, more than ever they need to set aside funds for future use. This way, insurance has changed people's perception of savings from merely preparing for a loss to viewing it as a type of investment. Additionally, people have come to value insurance because they are risk averse (Cannon, 2013).Risk sharing is an incentive used by insurance companies to give people an impression that in bad times, they will lend a helping hand. While this may true, the insured caters for the expense of the bad eventuality before it occurs. For example, some people health insurance as a prepayment for expected medical expenses in case they fall sick (Cannon, 2013). Risk pooling also increases the importance of insurance. This is spreading risks from the insurer to the insured (Francois, 2013). It involves grouping large numbers of people together to minimize the cost of the higher-risk individuals (Thompson, 2015).Ideally; people face different risks at a different level. Not every person with car insurance involves in an accident in the same way, not every company insured is set on fire. High-risk people frequently pay more for insurance (Hadley, 2016). Consequently, this rewards the low-risk people with lower insurance premiums thus insurance companies get adequate funds from high-risk companies/ people that justify covering their costs should they need to use their insurance (Donlon, 2016) (Thompson, 2015).Risk pooling technique will attract people, especially low-risk people to pay for insurance knowing the practice favors them more. Insurance policy creates confidence on individuals enabling them to invest in risky but highly profitable businesses. The insured becomes confident of compensation from losses incurred from the insured risks (Hadley, 2016). This provides a wider opportunity to establish businesses even in risky places to achieve a desirable economic progress (Green, 2011). In the modern world, insurance policies have not only been an important factor to the insured and the insurer but also to the mother governments (Michaels, 2016). Incomes realized from the insurance companies as well as salaries paid to their workers are subjected to taxation subsequently earning revenue to the governments for economic sustainability. If the risk insured occurs, the insured is compensated hence the business doesn't collapse (Cannon, 2013). This important for the business to resume after compensation despite consequential losses incurred. The Challenges of Modern Aviation Industry Regarding Risks and Management This section will provide an in-depth explanation of the challenges faced by the modern aviation industry regarding risk and insurance. The first challenge is Cyber-attacks. That is, the exclusive use of computers to execute aviation activities has heightened the occurrence of risks such as interruption of business. There is a widened variation of cyber risks i.e. cyber-terrorism, extortion and network outages (Francois, 2013). Even though cyber risks have been insured, it is vital to prevent losses and the risk accumulation. Similarly, increasing the use of Unnamed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) poses a significant threat to the aviation industry. This risk is technology related as a cyber-attack. The majority of UAVs system are operated by the military although some people may have access to it in the coming years for commercial purposes such as shooting movies (Michaels, 2016). However exciting this technology may be, it is a serious concern, especially with passenger aircraft. For instance, in 2014 an American Airlines pilot reported narrowly missing a quad copter at 2,300 feet above Florida while a drone was flown within 20ft of an A320 landing at Heathrow. Lastly, automating computer related tasks is a challenge to the industry. Many plane accidents have occurred in recent years because some tasks are automated. For example the Asiana Flight 214 accident in San Francisco in 2013.Therefore, there is an increasing need to train pilots on what to do when automation fails (Michaels, 2016). Pestel Analysis on Speculative Risks PESTEL ANALYSIS Political Political environment also influences business risks. For example, during a political crisis, business is affected by unrest, making the cost of insurance expensive (Francois, 2013). Likewise, the cost of insurance is low during political stability. Economic Favorable economic policies will enhance economic performance, which means that business owners would insure their businesses against several risks therefore increasing the cost of insurance (Michaels, 2016). Social Social beliefs and practices influence risks as well. Men are likely to be involved in more risky activities compared to the women. For, example, the men involved in gambling activities would risk their money with expectation to make a boom income (Donlon, 2016). Generally, men are known to be risk takers compared to the women. Technological The advancement of software and hardware means that companies can now transform customer information into actionable insights. Likewise, technology has enabled better individual risk assessment (Green, 2011). This improvement has the capability of improving the customer experience and bringing down the cost of insurance rates. Environment Environmental factors also influence speculative factors and the cost of insurance cover. For example, the people living in the slums are at risk to fall sick compared to those in the urban areas. Therefore, the cost of medical cover for them would be expensive (Green, 2011). Legal Policies that have been enacted by the government can either increase or decrease the probability of insuring a business (Andelic, 2011). For instance, then laws allow entrance of new competitors in the market, many businesses are likely to suffer losses. With increased risks businesses will seek insurance cover against losses. Conclusion Uncertainties within businesses have seen many businesses collapse in the past leading to arrested developments in certain countries. Embracing insurance policies in the modern world would surely provide not only a lasting but also a sustainable solution to this menace. No doubt, this is a way out to improve the greatest confidence in the investors and also to give the insurance companies an opportunity to smile. References Andelic, G. (2011). The impact of Globalization on the Insurance and Reinsurance Market of Eastern Europe. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 95-112. Cannon, E. (2013, May 2013). Risk sharing. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Get Rich Slowly: https://www.getrichslowly.org Donlon, R. (2016, September 9). Ke takeaways: The Entrepreneurial Insurance Symposium, Day 1. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Property Casualty 360: https://www.propertycasualty360.com Francois, O. (2013). Risk Management and Insurance Review. Advanced search, 16-30. Green, J. (2011). How Does Globalization Affect an Organization's Business Approach? Small Business. Chron, 8-12. Hadley. (2016, January 11). The Top 10 factors that affect life Insurance premiums. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Insurance hotline: https://www.insurancehotline.com McClintock, L. (2016, April 10). What is Risk pooling in Insurance? Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Finance. Zacks: https://www.finance.Zacks.com McMaken, L. (2012, February 15). 4 Types of insurance everyone needs. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com Michaels, N. (2016, September 8). 6 trends that will change insurance claims. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Property Casualty 360: https://www.propertycasualty360.com Purmort. (2012, 8 13). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from Purmort Martin Insurance Agency: https://www.purmot.com Thompson, V. (2015, September 12). Risk pooling. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from People of our every day: https://www.peopleofoureveryday.com Vyas, A. (2015, June 9). How Technology impacts the insurance sector. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from betanews: https://www.betanews.com

PenAgain Marketing Analysis

Azelaic Acid Essay Example

Azelaic Acid Essay Example Azelaic Acid Paper Azelaic Acid Paper Abstract Azelaic acid is an essential acid that has emerged to answer most skin problems. Through several researches, it has been proven to treat even the most common skin problems. This paper will discuss Azelaic acid and its capabilities in treating skin illnesses. Azelaic Acid Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this present era of innovations, new discoveries continue to emerge. Scientists, researchers, and even individuals continue to experiment and try new stuff that will answer their inquisitiveness or needs. In the field of skin care, an acid has been found and considered to be an effective cure for most common skin problems. This acid is known as Azelaic acid. Since its discovery, many beauty product manufacturers are adding it as an ingredient. Azelaic Acid: Definition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Azelaic acid is a â€Å"saturated dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in wide variety of whole grains such as rye, barley, and wheat† (Azelaic Acid Information, 2008, n.p.). It has a yellowish- to white-powder appearance (MSN Encarta, 2008). Small amount of Azelaic acid can also be found in the human body. Generally, an acid is characterized to be sour and corrosive. However, and Azelaic acid is one that is weak and non-corrosive. Thus, it is safe to be applied on the skin. Benefits of Azelaic Acid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Azelaic Acid has been commonly used as treatment for skin cancer and other disorders of the skin (MSN Encarta, 2008). Researches also show that Azelaic acid is an effective antibacterial (Azelaic Acid Information, 2008). This is so because the acid is helpful is destroying and reducing the growth of bacteria. Commonly, Azelaic Acid has been used as a treatment and prevention for acne, pimples, and blackheads. This is so because Azelaic acid is capable of destroying the bacteria that causes acne, clearing the pores of the skin, and reducing the keratin (Azelaic Acid Information, 2008). Notably, a keratin is a natural substance that also contributes in the development of acne. Azelaic acid has also been proven to be effective in repairing skin discoloration by efficiently destroying the free radicals and reducing inflammation. Free radicals are atoms or molecules that attack the cell membranes’ structure that will create metabolic waste products such as lipofuscins (Klatz Goldman, 2003). An excess of the lipofuscins has been shown to cause skin darkening or â€Å"age- spots,† because they are only visible on certain parts of the skin (Klatz and Goldman, 2003, p. 23). Furthermore, Azelaic acid effectively reduces the pigmentation of the skin. Thus, Azelaic acid is good also for those who are bothered by their dark skin. In addition, Azelaic acid is good for those people suffering from melasma. Melasma is derived from Greek word â€Å"melas† which means black; it is characterized as blotchy, irregularly patterned, brown or sometimes grey- brown hyper-melanosis of the face and occasionally evident on the neck (Katsambas, Stratigos, Lotti, 2003, p. 336). Being an acid and antibacterial, Azelaic acid is operative in moderating noticeable scars and spots caused by acne. Moreover, it is efficient in renewing and healing the skin because of its ability to kill the bacteria that causes the skin problem and ability to normalize the skin growth. Furthermore, Azelaic acid has been used for its efficiency in stimulating growth of hair. Azelaic acid has not yet been approved by the FDA as a treatment for hair loss. However, scholars say that it is effective because Azelaic acid has been found to potentially inhibit 5-Alpha-Reductase in human skin that eventually leads to the decrease of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which causes hair fall (Medline Plus, 2008). Azelaic Products Predominantly, Azelaic acid products are in the form of gel and cream. Cream usually contains only a solution of 20% of Azelaic acid mixed with other inactive ingredient such as glycerin, cetearyl octonoate, cocoglycerids, propylene glycol, and purified water to produce skin product (Niaze, p. 105). Gel, on the other hand is manufactured by adding benzoic acid, ETDA, 15% of Azelaic acid, among others (Niaze, p. 105). An Azelaic acid in the form of cream and gel makes the product mild, tolerable, and safe; it is used in treating rocasea which causes irritation, redness, and pimples (Azelaic Acid Information, 2008). One of the Azelaic Acid cream 20% manufactured, widely distributed, and used is Finevin as a cure for acne vulgaris (Doctor’s Guide. 2008). It is manufactured by Berlex Laboratories, Inc., an affiliation of Schering AG, Germany (Doctor’s Guide. 2008). Harmful Effects of Azelaic Acid Nevertheless, not all skin types react well on Azelaic acid. It also has drawbacks, especially if applied improperly. Some of the side effects include itching, burning, stinging, and tingling (Medline Plus, 2008).   Usually, Azelaic acid for acne has been advised to be used twice a day and only on parts affected by acne. Product makers also require patients experiencing side effects to consult their doctors immediately to avoid further damage. However, despite these side effects, millions of people in almost 70 countries use Azelaic acid for treating their facial problems. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The efficiency of the Azelaic acid has been proven because of its three powerful abilities. First, Azelaic acid is an antibacterial; it has the ability to destroy the bacteria found in the follicles that cause pimples and acne. Second, Azelaic acid is an anticomedonic; it inhibits formation of comodones which are squeezed from blackheads. The last ability is anti-inflammatory, which is essential in the reduction of free radicals. These three general abilities of Azelaic acid are vital in repairing skin problems that trouble both men and women. Nevertheless, these medications should be properly applied in order to avoid further skin complications. Furthermore, one must not use these products without consulting an expert first in order to ensure a satisfactory effect of the product. References Azelaic acid information. (2008). Azelaic Acid. Retrieved August 4, 2008 from azelaicacid-information.com/info/ Doctor’s Guide. (1995). FDA Approves Finevin (Azelaic Acid Cream 20%) For the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne. Retrieved August 4, 2008, from pslgroup.com/dg/1F9E26.htm Katsambas, A. D., Stratigos, A. J., Lotti, T. M. (2003). Melasma. In A. D. Katsambas T. M. Lotti (Eds.) European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, 2nd Ed. (pp. 336–341). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Klatz, Ronald, Goldman Robert. (2003). The New Anti- Aging Revolution: Stopping the Clock for a Younger, Sexier, Happier You!. North Bergen, NJ: Basic Health Publications, Inc. Medline Plus. (2008). Azelaic Acid Topical. Retrieved August 4, 2008, from nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a603020.html MSN Encarta. (2008). Azelaic Acid. Retrieved August 4, 2008, from http://encarta.msn-ppe.com:443/dictionary_701704442/azelaic_acid.html Niazi, S. (2004). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations. London: CRC Press.

Analyzing film The Story of Bottled Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing film The Story of Bottled Water - Essay Example The film seeks to explain how bottled water is not safer than tap water thus people should opt for tap water that is cheaper. The most important pattern of the film is when it indicates how bottled water is a scam. Indeed, the simplest way of understanding this is by watching the short film that utilizes simple language and charming episodes that makes viewers walk through the economy of bottled water. In brief, the film brings into attention benefits that emerge from taking tap water than bottled water. It indicates how bottle water is not often cleaner than tap water and worse to it cost expensive. To persuade the audience of its purpose, the film uses two strategies, which are simplest language and animation. The film uses simplest language that â€Å"Bottled water costs about 2, 000 times more than tap water.† The narrator proceeds by saying how bottled water is a lot pricier than tap water despite being not safer than tap water. The film uses animation to contribute the effect of the video of most people taking ten bottled water that in total is a lot pricier. This video is created in such a way that, it persuades viewers to take tap water as it easily available and cheaper compared to bottled water that frequently derived from the tap, which is sometimes not safer than tap water. The film captures viewers’ attention when it recalls how the Coca-Cola Company discovered that its water exceeded the limit for carcinogen and bromated. Still, it highlights how The Environmental Working Group tested ten bottled water to have contained harmful chemical pollutants thus, indicating how bottled water is not safer than tap water. The purpose of the video is to educate viewers on being cautious not to spend more money on bottled water while it is not safer than tap water. In doing this, he uses the text of how Americans spends a lot of money purchasing bottled water and indeed, it is not safer than tap water as it

Ontology and Epistemology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ontology and Epistemology - Essay Example We will talk about ontology and its direct, objective approach to studying an entity, and epistemology, with its more intrinsic approach concerning knowledge, truth, belief, and justification. Ontology Ontology is the study of kinds of things that exist and its nature of being (â€Å"Ontology†). It is said that everything that has a name exists. Every noun points to an actual entity. Ontology is the study about that entity. Whether the concept is concrete such as a microorganism, or abstract such as resilience, the study of that entity as something that exists is the ontological approach. It is generally a descriptive and categorical way of thinking that examines the nuts and bolts of an existing entity, categorizing and differentiating it from other entities. I am holding a flower. The flower I am holding is a rose. The thorns are pointy and can pierce my skin. These are all ontological notions. It is the recognition and classification of an entity that exists and its constit uent parts. Epistemology Epistemology on the other hand is the study of knowledge. It questions what a person knows, how he knows what he knows, and how much a person can know about something. Some philosophers believe that knowledge is a True Belief that has Justification. So the three components of knowledge are that it should be true, the person with the knowledge must believe it is true, and there should be proof or justification that it is true (Sahakian and Sahakian). If epistemology is about knowledge, this is how they look at the situation: I KNOW it is a flower because all flowers have a stem, a stalk, leaves and a bunch of petals on the tip. This is true because it is consistent with other flowers who also have the same characteristics. I KNOW it is in my hand because I can feel it and see it in my hand. This is true under the correspondence theory of truth and Naive Realism. I KNOW it is a rose because I was taught by my teacher that this is what a rose looks like. This i s true under the criteria of authority. I KNOW that the thorns can pierce my skin because pointy objects can pierce my skin. This is true under Consensus gentium. All these things are considered knowledge because I believe that they are as they are, and my beliefs are proven to be true because the justification satisfies the criteria of truth. Satisfying the criteria of truth is needed to justify a proposition. There are many criteria for truth, some of which are valid, and others are not. These criteria are all valid or invalid to certain extents. Truth The criteria for truth consist of Authority which states that a proposal is true as long as a qualified individual says it is. This criterion is not very reliable since different qualified individuals can have opposing views toward a single topic. Coherence is the criterion in which a proposal is true as long as the facts are well explained and are reconciled to support that proposal. This criterion could be the most effective test of truth but is limited by the person’s ability to gather all the relevant facts. Consensus gentium is a general truth accepted by all of mankind. An example is the existence of gravity; consistency can be either mere or strict. Mere consistency makes a proposition true as long as two correct statements don’t contradict. Strict consistency needs a prior true statement to validate the proposed true statement; correspondence makes a propositi

History Of Conducting Polymers Engineering Essay

History Of Conducting Polymers Engineering Essay Dr H. Letheby was the one to first initiate the study of conducting polymers, who was a known professor teaching at the College of London Hospital. In 1862, he first attempted to analyze the behaviors of the chemical reaction and to select them accordingly. His study of electropolymerized aniline sulfate was published in the Journal of the Chemical Society. The results showed the aniline sulphate turning to a bluish black solid layer, formed on a platinum electrode after its electropolymerization (1). It was between 1907 and 1911 that the Nobel Laureate Richard Willstatter characterized the oligomeric oxidation products of aniline through his methodic way of research (2). By using a starter Al(Et)3/Ti(OPr)4, the polymerization of acetylene in hexane rendered a polyacetylene for the first time in 1958 in the form of a polymer with a highly crystalline and a heavy molecular weight produced by Natta et al. The method did not attract any attention owing to the highly air sensitive, infusible and the insoluble properties of the compound obtained(3). The concept of iodine doping was established in the same time period of 1960s by the Czechoslovak researchers for polyaniline. This resulted in the conductivity of 1 S/cm for Polyaniline-iodine complexes. The attention of researchers was diverted towards organic conductors, in spite of the discovery of the inorganic explosive polysulfurnitride (SN)x in the 1970s, with its additional properties of conductivity at low temperatures. A silvery film of polyacetylene was created in 1974 by the usage of Ziegler-Natta catalyst which was not conductive although it was found to be the closest to metals in terms of appearance (5). The electronic conductivity of polyaniline was reaffirmed in 1974, a few years before the publishing of the polyacetylenes progress. The paper demonstrated interesting results of a parallel study with another conductive polymer also known as polypyrrole. The conductivity obtained was ranging from 5 to 30 S/cm (6). One of the important moments was the publishing of the doped polyacetylene in 1977. The modification of the polyacetylene film via a partial oxidation treatment with the oxidizing agents such as the halogens and the AsF5 was obtained by MacDiarmid, Shirakawa and Heeger which resulted in the film becoming conductive (5). Molecular Orbital and Molecular Structure of Conducting Polymers All the valence electrons are utilized in covalent ÏÆ'-bonds of the saturated polymers such as polyethylene. The material will show typical insulating properties owing to the gap between the valance band and the conduction band. Along the polymers supporting structure, a Ï€ system is formed in the conjugated polymers (8). A restricted alternation of double and single bonds is required in the conjugated bonds which is also apparent in the conducting polymers structure. The carbon atoms create 3 ÏÆ'-bonds with the adjacent atoms and the remaining p orbitals which is also explained as the pz orbitals. Nitrogen atoms are found to be involved in the conjugation path such as the polyaniline in some of the conjugated polymers (11). High energy orbitals are created as a result of this configuration in which the electrons are loosely bonded to their respective atoms. The conducting, semiconducting or the insulating properties of the material are determined by the distance lying between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and LUMO( the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). The carrier movement or the jump from the HOMO to the LUMO creates the conduction mechanism. This becomes convenient if the distance between the HUMO and the LUMO energy is small. The sp2 hybridized linear carbon chains partially determines the conductivity of polyacetylene, which is the simplest form of semiconducting and metallic organic polymer. Six electrons are present outside the nucleus of the carbon atom, out of which 4 are valence electrons such as 2s and the 2p electrons, which takes part in the chemical bonds. The 1s and 2s orbitals of the carbon atoms are filled and the 2p orbitals are filled as well with 2 electrons in case of free space or where there is an existence of spherically symmetric distances. The creation of 3 sp2 and 1 p orbital is the result of hybridization. The bonding of 2 out of 3 sp2 orbitals on each carbon atom to another carbon atom adjacent to it and the bonding of last sp2 orbital with hydrogen or any of the side groups is the result. Covalent bonds are created between these atoms which in this case is referred to as ÏÆ' bond. It has a cylindrical symmetry around the internuclear axis. A Ï€ bond [10] is formed by the over lapping of unhybridized p orbitals of the adjacent carbon atoms. The fig 2.1 shows both the ÏÆ' and Ï€ bonds in the conjugated polymer structure. There is weak interaction between them creating weak bonds of the Ï€ electrons which exposes them to the risks of delocalization thus causing electrical conductivity of the polymer (10). According to Hà ¼nkel and Blochs simple free electron molecular orbital model theory, in case of a lengthy molecular chain showing metallic transport properties, the delocalization of Ï€ electrons over the entire chain forming a small band gap is seen. A conjugated polymer which has an alternation of double and single bonds, as a result, can be conductive in the right conditions. The delocalized electrons over the conjugated space are evenly distributed creating equivalent bonds (12). Differing bonding lengths of 1.54 nm, double bond: 1.34 nm) [9] are observed under simple conditions. The alternation of double and single bonds can also be observed. A typical conducting polymer matches an insulator in conductive properties without the need of doping or the orbitals being filled with electrically conductive particles. The transformation of the conductivity of a conjugated polymer from the insulating level to the conducting level is seen through the doping process. By the process of electrochemical oxidation and reduction doping can be obtained or it can also be attained by the direct exposure of the polymer to a doping material. Atomic or molecular species have been used as dopants which are either electron acceptors such as I2, Br2, AsF5, and LiClO4 or electron donors like Li, Na, and K (9, 10). 2.3. Conductor, Semiconductor and Insulator Solids such as metals have continuous orbitals. The electrons which are nearest to the filled levels can be excited and therefore move to the unoccupied levels without the requirement of any energy. As the temperatures increase the metals lose their conductivity in spite of the electrons being more excited. The electrons and the atoms colliding with each other result in the thermal motion of the atoms. The electrons lose their efficiency in transporting charges owing to the collisions. An energy gap separates the bands for transporting charges in semiconductors and insulators. Certain electrons gain enough energy as the temperature is increased, to move into the next unoccupied orbital. The metal becomes a semiconductor as the electrons are now mobile and create the electrical conductivity of the metal. In case of a large energy gap, the electrons may never be able to reach the conductive bands that will result in zero conductivity, such types of materials are known as insulators. Wh ile in semiconductor metals, the increase in the temperatures will also increase the conductivity as more electrons have the ability to reach the valence bands. 2.4Conductivity Mechanism High electron affiliation or low oxidation potentials are the characteristics of conducting polymers. This means that the polymers can be reduced and doped with electrons donors (n-type) and also have the potential to be oxidized and doped with electron acceptors (p-type). The HOMO-LUMO energy gap which has the semiconductor property of conjugated polymers as compared to conventional inorganic compounds, are owing to the additional charges associated to the creation of new and unfilled electronic energy states existing within the original HOMO-LUMO energy gap. A dopants role is either the removal or the addition of electrons. For instance in the case of iodine (I2) an electron will be taken for the formation of I3 ion. If the relocation of an electron in a semi conductor polymer by moving the electron from top most valence band such as the polyacetylene or polypyrrole, then as per the classical band theory, the creation of the vacancy hole as such will not be delocalized. A radical cation would be obtained in the case of the removal of an electron from a carbon atom. Owing to the Columbo attraction to its opposite ion (I3- ), the localization of the radical cation also known as the polaron takes place which in normal cases would be considered as having low mobility. This would be due to the local change in the geometrys equilibrium of the radical cation to the neutral molecule. The charge is moved along as shown in the fig 2.5 while the mobility of the polaron along the polyacetylene chain may be high. But a high concentration of opposite ions is necessary as the opposite ion (I3 -) to the positive charge is not very mobile, so that the polaron can move in the field of close opposite ions. The polymer which are mobile enough to conduct electric charges have the dopants generate polarons and bipolarons. The ionization of the conjugated polymer chain to a positive polaron (radical cation) is done by the dopants which is taken as an electron acceptor. These will further emerge as bipolarons or in some cases the two polarons may reversibly combine to create a bipolaron (16). Owing to its highly disordered structure the PPy can be given as an example for bipolaron formation. The formation of a bipolaron happens when two polarons are created on one similar chain (see fig 2.5)(17). 3.Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 3.1. Introduction of PEDOT The research in 1967 indicates polythiophenes for the first time as a potential conducting polymers. Furan, pyrrole, and thiophene heterocycles acids catalyzed polymerization was studied by A. G. Davies. In 1982, Tourillon and Garnier first observed true electronic conductivity in polythiophenes. In the presence of perchlorate or tetrafluoroborate opposite ions, Thiophene was electropolymerized on platinum electrodes in acetonitrile. A conductivity of 10-100 S/cm was obtained in spite of the fact that highly conductive polythiophenes were possible from the start with Garnier and Tourillons fundamental work. It has gained long term stability against air and humidity while it failed to fulfill one of the requirements expected of as a truly conductive polymer not as a semiconductor. In 1930s was initiated the EDOT (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) chemistry when the corresponding 2, 5-dicarboxylic acid esters were synthesized. Thus biheterocyclic EDOT system consisting of one 1, 4-dioxane r ing and one thiophene moiety was explained which was annelated over the carbon single ([c]-) bond of the thiophene. The good chemical properties, high conductivity and good electro optical properties, the PEDOT has emerged as a promising compound (22). It has been used as an antistatic coating, photovoltaic technology, electroluminescent devices and biomedical sensors, etc (23). Electrochemical polymerization of PEDOT PEDOT was fabricated for the first time by Jonas et al (24) through anodical polymerization where the products showed high conductivity with enhanced chemical and thermal stability as compared to other polythiophenes. The polymerization occurs at the electrode in an electrochemical oxidative polymerization of a monomeric precursor of the conductive polymer. The ionic dopants in the process of polymerization, forming the electrolyte are induced in the polymer (25). The electrochemical polymerization is utilized in the case of EDOT monomer to create highly transmissive sky-blue, doped PEDOT film at the anode. The compatibility provided by the broad range of electrolyte solutions creates high stability of PEDOT films in different electrolyte solutions(26) Flexible PEDOT films were obtained, by Yamato et al in the presence of polyanions in the electrolyte solution, with an electrical conductivity as high as 400 S/cm. Several electrolytes were used in this research such as sulfonated poly (ÃŽ ²-hydroxy-ethers) (S-PHE), 1,3 bis(4-t-butylphenoxy)-2-propysulfate (BPS), poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS), sulfated poly (ÃŽ ²-hydroxy-ethers) having trifluoromethyl groups (S-PHEF), sulfonated poly (ÃŽ ²-hydroxy-ethers) (S-PHE) and sulfonated poly (butadiene). However PEDOT film was deposited on the anode, in the presence of S-HPE, S-PBD and S-PHEF electrolytes. Numerous advantages are present in the electropolymerization technique such as: Materials required in small quantities. Characterizations and speedy analysis. Control of reactions is accurate. While the disadvantages are: In convenience in conducting standard analytical procedures owing to the small quantity of resultant with insoluble property. The electrical conductivity can be increased to a large extent through the electrochemical polymerization while the product obtained has poor transparency and the process must be applied on conducting substrates which will restrict the application purposes (28). 3.2.2 Oxidative chemical polymerization The deposition of a conjugated polymer by in situ oxidative polymerization on the surface is seen. Electrochemical polymerization has limited applications as compared to the chemical oxidation, which is more versatile. By coating the surface with a mixture of monomer and oxidant, chemical oxidation can be carried out with a mixture of the monomer and an oxidant where it enables the spreading of the mixture onto the surface first, owing to the suppression of the spontaneous reaction. These mixtures will have flexibility in their designing of the coating process with the separate application of the monomer and oxidant. These mixtures have a restricted pot life (29). A PEDOT with black, insoluble and infusible properties is obtained with the utilization of oxidizing agents such as the FeCl3 in the oxidative chemical polymerization (21). De Leeuw et al. [20 used iron(III) tosylate (FeIII(OTs)3) as oxidizing agents in the presence of imidazole as a base leading to the conductivity of PEDOT of 550 S/cm.(30). The classification of the reaction of EDOT with Iron (III) tosylate leading to in situ polymerization of PEDOT by Kirchmeyer and Reuter (31) into two categories were as: The monomer subjected to Oxidative polymerization to form neutral polythiophene. The neutral polymer subjected to oxidative doping to conductive polycation. The addition of Lewis acids or protic acids to the polymerization system will cause catalysis of the equilibrium reaction of EDOT to the relevant dimeric and trimeric compounds in the absence of further oxidation, (see fig 2.9)(31). Vapor Phase Polymerization Mohammadi et al(32) did the initial experiments named as Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process for polypyrrole polymerization. The oxidants used were FeCl3 and H2O2. In 2003 to 2005, J Kim et al first attempted to establish a new route for the highly conductive PEDOT layers with the process of vapor phase polymerization (VPP) (24). The evaporation of the EDOT and its polymerization on the substrate were done in the polymerization chamber where the deposition of the oxidant iron(III)-tosylate was found by bubbling the various types of gases like nitrogen, air and argon through the EDOT reservoir. FeIII tosylate was used as an oxidant and pyridine as a base-inhibitor, through the VPP process. By using oxidant, e.g., a butanol or ethanol solution of FeIII tosylate mixed with pyridine, the substrate coated with PEDOT film was covered. In a chamber flushed with air, nitrogen or argon gas, the EDOT monomers were heated into vapor phase. The polymerization process began and formed the PED OT coating, once they react with oxidizing agents on the substrates. To prove the concept of using a base inhibitor, pyridine, Winther-Jensen et al conducted the experiments. The compound was applied to PET and Pt coated PET substrates after mixing the ferric tosylate solution with pyridine in the respective molar ratio of 1:0.5. Winther et al investigated some of the liquids such as pyridine, pyrazine and quinoline. The materials and Fe (II) were void of any sort of crystal formation. The VPP of EDOT was best suited to pyridine (pKa 5.14, boiling point 115 C °) as the base, owing to quinolines low vapor pressure and the insufficient base characteristic of pyrazine [24]. Winther-Jensen et al measured the conductivity of PEDOT films as a function of temperature. A similar behavior as the semi conductors was observed as with the increase in temperature on which the conductivity also increased. Winther-Jensen et al studied the stability of conductive PEDOT layers in air and aqueous solutions. The creation of PEDOT layer on glass substrates was conducted in this experiment, and the examination carried out in the environments mentioned earlier. Till the constant point a speedy reduction in the water conductivity was seen. A slow paced decrease in the conductivity of air as compared to the water environment was observed. The pH level determines the conductivity of PEDOT. Lower pH values resulted in highest conductivities. The products acidity was observed in the range of pH 1, during the base inhibited VPP of EDOT. In water of pH7 the long term stability is lower as compared to air which takes more time to reach equilibrium with carbon dioxide (34). There is no aqueous transport medium in VPP process. During the PEDOT layer formation no agglomeration was seen. The need for dispersants and stabilizer additives is negated in high processability. The process of polymerization is fast and simple (35).

Philippines Literature Essay

The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the country’s history. Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was different from that brought by the Spaniards. –> LITERATURE: the body of oral and written works, text, books, poetry, etc. these are the several things that concern this subject. we have been exposed to literature ever since we were young. reading, writing, that’s what we do. but is this really the essence of literature? the time i realized that i was going to take up â€Å"Philippine Literature† this semester, i was rather a bit curios about what would be in store for me, for the whole class. our Literature instructor Ms. Dinah Laguna-Mission is very enthusiastic in teaching us. never came a time that i felt sleepy or bored during our lit. subject. she has a lively voice and pronunciation, lively gestures and the witty use of words were the things i looked forward to every time she came. at first, i expect that the subject content and the teaching method was just a repetition of what has been taught to us during high school. but i was wrong, the different genre of literature, different devices and ever famous figures of speech were the ones being taught to us. after all the experiences and new knowledge imparted to me, i realized that Literature is not only about just reading the stories, poems, riddles, etc. but either its understanding them deeply. i thank Ms. Mission for imparting this knowledge imparted to me and the whole class for making this journey bearable and truly enjoyable one. it was beyond doubt an accomplishment for us and so, even if i finish the subject Philippines Literature, the things i learned, the memories and experience will truly mo no matter what. ^_^

Uk Taxation System

1. 1 Introduction of the UK tax system There is a very long time before British tax becomes what it is now, which can be traced back to Ancient times when UK was a part of the Roman Empire. The uniform land tax in 1692 is the basis to the current British tax system; at that time, the land tax is a kind of direct tax and is the main source of government revenue. Before the end of 18th century in British, William Pitt announced income tax to cover the expenses on weapons in the preparation for the Napoleonic Wars. Initially, the tax rate was around 1/120 of the income above ? 60 and the rate increased to 1/10 of income above ? 200.In the 20th century, income tax is the main resource for UK government; in the mean time, indirect taxes also became more important through the century. In 1965, the corporation tax and the capital gains tax were introduced, and in 1984 the capital transfer tax was replaced by inheritance tax. Currently, the taxation system in the UK can be mainly categorized as personal tax, including income tax, inheritance tax and council tax, sales taxes and duties, including value added tax, excise duties, stamp duty and motoring taxation, business and personal taxes, including national insurance contributions and capital gains tax and business taxes.As a constitutional monarchy, the power of legislation is highly concentrated. All tax laws are from proposals from the Treasury Department and after approved by parliament and the royal, these proposals can come into effect and become laws. In the UK, nearly 90% of tax income is collected by central government. The HM Revenue & Customs takes charges of tax administration related affairs, including value added tax, sales revenue and tariff. 1. 2 Discussion of the UK taxation bases In computing the tax, we have to consider two parts: tax base and tax rate.Tax base is the economic basis of a certain tax and it is the base amount to compute the tax liabilities. Tax base is different from tax object, for e xample, the total income is the object of income tax, while only the taxable income can be regarded tax base. On the whole, tax base has two categories: economical tax base and non-economical tax base. Economical tax base means the objects of tax that are related to economical actions, such as revenue, capital and sales; non-economical tax base has nothing to do with people’s economical actions, such as the poll tax that is taxed on every individual person without their actions.In the UK, there are three kinds of tax bases: income base, capital base and consumption base. The income base is mainly used in individual income tax and corporate income tax. In most countries, revenue from income tax is the main source of government, so income tax base certainly has many advantages. Firstly, income tax base is much larger than other tax bases, because people with income above taxable allowance are the subjects to income tax. Furthermore, for most people, tax based on income is easy to calculate and manage for governmental officers. On the other hand, income tax base also has several disadvantages.Firstly, income tax base is only available for cash income; for income as goods, income tax base would not work. Obviously, it is unfair to not tax on goods income. Secondly, income has many sources; some are easy to track, such as wages and bonus, while some are not easy to detect, such as illegal sales commissions. At last, different people have different ability to pay the tax and income is not a good indictor to measure their tax abilities. So it is very hard to make a rule or rate to keep fair among every taxpayer. Capital can be used to make income and can reflect individuals’ paying ability, so it seems to be a good base for tax.However, the amount of capital would not generate the same amount of income, so it is not very accurate to use capital as a tax base. Furthermore, there are many kinds of capitals, which are hard to calculate and manage, and taxp ayers’ economic conditions are not the same, for example a house with mortgages and without mortgage should not be regarded same, so capital tax base also has some drawbacks. At last, consumption is also a measurement of ability to pay tax; more consumption means more ability to pay tax and less consumption means less ability to pay tax.According to Nicholas Kaldor’s theory, revenue should be the base of tax, not income. But here comes a confusing question: what if a person saves most of his/her income in the bank, rather than for consumption? Moreover, revenue tax base would affect the money supply on the capital market, because most people would tend to shorten their consumption and save money in banks. In a nut shell, all of these three tax bases have advantages and disadvantages, and there is no perfect tax base that can very fairly measure all taxpayers’ ability. So when considering the tax system, we should keep a balance between these three tax bases. . 3 Evaluation of a good taxation system What are the qualities of a good taxation system? Of course, nobody likes paying tax; however, tax is the main source for government revenue, which is used for providing public services. So we can also say taxpayers pay for the services they received, such as high ways and public schools. A good tax system should be both simple and equitable and simple. Equity has two directions: one is horizontal and the other is vertical. Horizontal equity means taxpayers with similar income should the same level of tax; vertical equity means taxpayers with higher income should pay a high level tax.Even though companies have to pay corporate tax, all taxes are ultimately paid by individual taxpayers. So it is extremely important to keep tax system to be equitable. Besides, simple is also an important quality to a good tax system. The rules and laws should be easy to understand; the tax liability should be easy to calculate and the tax system should be easy to administer. If the cost to administer the tax is more than tax revenue received, this kind of tax system is inefficient to both taxpayers and government.Complicated tax laws are costly to both taxpayers and the government; such laws are hard to administer and inefficient to collect. In addition, a good tax system should also be certainty, which means that the tax policy should keep being stable year to year, because this can make taxpayers to know the difficulty to evade tax payable and make a reasonable tax plan on the long run. On the whole, equity and efficient principles are two main principles to measure a tax system. A pie cannot be made both bigger and divided fairly. The same situation happens here.We cannot expect a tax system to be both equity and efficient, for example, when cut down the marginal income tax rate for those high income taxpayers, their productivity would increase accordingly, while the tax equity would decrease. However, there is always a comparably good po int between them, which we often call tradeoff. 1. 4 Evaluation of the UK taxation system In the UK tax system, income tax, national insurance, value added tax and corporation tax are the four main source of governmental revenue; the percentages are respectively 29%, 19%, 15% and 9%. On the whole, the UK tax system is quite stable.According to Huijun Yang (2012), from mid 90s 20th century, the ratio of total tax on GDP is between 36% and 39%, so it would be easy for taxpayers to make a tax plan. In addition, the UK tax system is quite equity for its income tax rate ranges from 10% to 50% and low income taxpayers can deduct allowances too. In 2012, the income tax personal allowance increases from 7,475 to 9,000 and the highest income tax rate decreases from 50% to 45%. This new rule will benefit 23,000,000 basic income tax rate taxpayers. The UK tax system also operates efficiently and the cost to administer tax is comparatively low.So overall, the UK tax system is well designed and works both efficiently and equity. However, there are still some drawbacks of the UK tax system. Firstly, the highest tax rate will be 45% in 2013, so the income gap between the rich and the poor will get bigger and bigger. Secondly, the tax takes less than 40% of the GDP, while, on average, government expenditure is 45% of the GDP, which means that the government need to increase their deficit to keep going on. Too much deficit will increase the governments’ financial pressure, because the borrowing must be paid by future years’ tax revenue.If the deficit always keeps on a high level, the governments’ authority among public would be weaken, and government function cannot be operated well. Thirdly, individual tax is prepared and paid by individuals; these tax preparation costs, including service fee of accountants and time cost, are also hidden costs for taxpayers. At last, the British government provides comprehensive social welfare to all citizens; among them, most taxpayers pay for the services, but some lower income taxpayers or unemployed people enjoy the services free of charge.So it is those high income taxpayers pay money for the low income taxpayers, and this would decrease those high income taxpayers’ work efficiency because some of their work are not rewarded. According to Holdford and Lovelace-Elmore (2001, p. 8), Vroom asserts, â€Å"Intensity of work effort depends on the perception that an individual’s effort will result in a desired outcome†. 1. 5 suggestions for the UK taxation system The following suggestions may be work to solve those drawbacks: * Creating more jobs for the poor and unemployed people * Increasing the highest rate of income tax Optimize the tax structure * Simplifying complex tax law clause * Decreasing the corporate tax rate for starting companies 2. 1 proposals for the UK taxation system In the UK, the main taxes are: income tax, inheritance tax, council tax, value added tax, motori ng taxation, corporate tax and capital gain tax. Even though all taxes have different tax bases, the ultimate taxpayers are every individual. As we know, a pie cannot both be big and evenly sliced. So for the UK government, it should find out a good point that can make the tax system be both efficient and equity.According to the 2012 Budget statement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon George Osborne MP (2012), the main target for the UK government is to keep the economy in a stable increase trend. As mentioned in Osborne’s report, the UK’s economy is in a depressed time and the government has to both cut down expenditures and expand tax revenue. Therefore, we proposed three proposals on the tax system to improve the development of economy. Firstly, divide more the income tax rate levels between the higher rate and additional rate.According to the current UK income tax system, taxpayers with band between ? 34,371 and ? 150,000 are applicable to the higher ra te that is 40%, and taxpayers with band over ? 150,000 are applicable to 50% additional income tax rate. Apparently, the range from ? 34,371 and ? 150,000 are too wide that some mid-class families have to pay too much income tax for the high marginal tax rate. Taxpayers with income of ? 34,371 and ? 150,000 are totally different in tax payment ability, so it is not fair to let all of them pay tax on the same rate. From my point of view, taxpayers with band between ? 4,371 and ? 70,000 are applicable to tax rate of 25% because most mid-class taxpayers’ incomes are in this range and by doing so, there financial pressure will be reduced a lot; taxpayers with income ranges from ? 70,000 to ? 100,000 are subjects to 35% income tax rate and taxpayers with band from ? 100,000 to ? 150,000 pay income tax on 45% income tax rate. This proposal will greatly reduce the most mid-class taxpayers’ financial pressure and as the marginal tax rate increases for high income taxpayers, th e total tax revenue for government will not decrease.Secondly, impose property tax on people who own luxury houses or own more than three houses. In many countries, the property tax is imposed on individual house owners because real perporty is a remark of wealth. The property tax can help to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. Moreover, as the tax is imposed on multiple house holders, the economic bubble in real estate investment or speculation will be greatly eliminated. Currently, the property tax is imposed on gains from capital, such as house rental not on capital itself. Even though taxpayers pay tax on their capital gain, the income gap still increases.At last, decrease the rate of stamp duty for bond or stock transactions. Currently, the stamp duty rate is 0. 5%. As mentioned in the UK’s budget statement, the main target in 2012 is to keep the economy to be stable not do slow down. The decrease of stamp duty is really a good method to stimulate the economy d evelopment. On the one hand, the decrease of stamp duty is a good remark for the stock market, which would encourage more stock transactions. On the other hand, even though the rate of stamp duty decreases, as more transactions there will be, the total revenue from stamp duty will still increase.As we know, UK is the center of worldwide stock market center. Stock market is the main capital source for public companies, so the boom of capital market will greatly promote the development of entity economy. In conclusion, the UK’s tax system is well organized and designed except for some drawbacks. I believe my proposals can effectively improve both equity and efficiency of the UK tax system and stimulate the economy development. Reference list Budget statement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon George Osborne MP, 2010. HM TREASURY. online] Available at: < http://www. hm-treasury. gov. uk/junebudget_speech. htm> Finance Act 1965 (c. 25), from UK Statute Law Databaseâ⠂¬ . UK Statutory Publications Office,  Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 2007-05-09. â€Å"HM Revenue and Customs receipts†. hmrc. gov. uk. Retrieved 2011-11-11. Kay, Richard. â€Å"Palace fear over Queen's tax bill†. Daily Mail  (London). Peter Victor (30 July 1995). â€Å"A brief history of VAT†. The Independent(London). Retrieved 13 January 2011. Principles of a good tax system,2010, tutor2u, [online] Available at:

The Military Sector Of The Marine Corps - 1734 Words

We are losing some of our best Machinists and Welders after their first enlistment due to the lucrative options available in the civilian sector and the lack of opportunities to display their innovative nature in the Marine Corps. An additive and subtractive fabricator in the trenches would serve to be an asset to commanders, because he/she will not be limited by technology or lack of expertise. Both of these specialties present an opportunity to exploit manufacturing capabilities. After all, exploitation is a human endeavor and until unmanned technologies take over completely, is it not the Marines using the technologies that are the assets? In the civilian sector, experience is often necessary in most fields; however, machining and†¦show more content†¦Thus, the opportunities to exploit machining and welding capabilities disappear along with the opportunities to pass down their knowledge and skills through guidance and mentoring. Interestingly enough the current manpower s tructure places these two MOS’ side by side in every ESB, Maintenance battalion and Ground Ordnance Vehicle Battalions. In an effort to challenge the status quo and to continue on with the Commandant guidance; what benefits could arise if these two specialties are aligned together and be allowed to merge at the fifteen year mark? These two specialties share similar skills in terms of fabrication and metallurgy, including a thorough understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of metals. They both have a strong understanding of structural design and manufacturing regardless of material. And one particular aspect that is often overlooked is the ability to be critical thinkers, as this is inherent with artistic creation (White, Robinson 2001). Additionally, all the processes used in machining and welding require a level of critical thinking and creativity in order to maximize efforts and resources. The current employment of these two specialties is minimal while in garrison; however, while forward deployed, these specialties become an integral part of combat innovation. Their creativity and ingenuity have made a significant impact in the